2.4: Molecular and Ionic Compounds

MOLECULAR AND IONIC COMPOUNDS

① Molecular/Covalent compounds: Made up of all non-metals

      a)Naturally occurring diatomics (7):

       b)Molecular formula: The actual number of each kind of atom in the compound

       c)Empirical formula: Smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

②Ionic compounds: Metals ions and non-metal ions combined together


       a) Ions: An atom that has gained or lost electrons to become isoelectric (same number of electrons) with a noble gas.

    Loses 1 electron -->       to become like --> 

           Protons        11(+)                                          11(+)

           Electrons      11(-)                                           10(-)


       b)Forming ionic compounds:


①Metals: Lose electrons / (+) ions: Cations
②Non-metals: Gain electrons /(-) ions: Anions

 

1. Magnesium shares 2+ protons to nitrogen

2. Nitrogen shares 3- electrons to magnesium

3. They together form Magnesium Nitride

1. Calcium shares 2+ protons to oxygen
2. Oxygen 2- electrons to calcium
3. They together form Calcium Oxyde, written in its smallest ratio